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Glioblastoma Multiforme (Brain Cancer)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults. Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor constituting approximately 60% of the cases. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of glioma and is highly aggressive brain tumor with the poor outcome in both children and adults. GBM may manifest at any age with the frequency increases with age, and most of the cases found in between 6th and 8th decade of life.

Glioblastomas comprise a mix of cells types, cultivated by ample blood supply. Dead cells from the centre of the tumour. Since the tumours are formed of normal blood cells, they find it easy to enter and survive within the normal brain tissues.

 

  • Very Limited Therapeutic Options

  • WHO Grade IV, Considered Most Lethal Form Of Cancer

  • Survival Rate 14.6 Month (Global Scenario) for 20-30% patients

  • 5 year Survival Is not more Than 10%

  • Indian Scenario Is Alarming With 5-10 Cases per 100,000 population

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Symptoms

Symptoms may vary by tumor type as well as the tumor's size, location and rate of growth.

Common signs and symptoms of GBM include:

  • Headache

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Confusion

  • Decline in brain function

  • Memory loss

  • Difficulty with balance

  • Vision Problems

  • Seizures, especially in someone without a history of seizures

Causes

The exact cause and trigger of GBM tumours are not clear. However, brain tumours will continue to grow if left untreated. Without treatment, the damage caused may be fatal and claim life, if severe. Some factors that can cause GBM tumour are:

  • Genetic factors and family history.

  • HIV infections.

  • Exposure to harmful radiations.

  • Unhealthy lifestyle or eating habits, along with the habit of smoking, which multiply the risks.

Treatment

Glioblastoma can be difficult to treat since some cells may respond well to certain therapies, while others may not be affected at all. Because of this, the treatment plan for glioblastoma may combine several approaches.

  • Surgery- The goal of surgery is to carefully remove the tumour and to restrict it from spreading further. It is advisable to have the surgical tumor stored at a tissue bank (KeepMyTumor) to keep future treatment options, such as Personalised  Immunotherapy, open as a second surgery may not be possible further.

  • Radiation & Chemotherapy- Radiation and chemotherapy are used to slow down the growth of residual tumor after surgery and for tumors that cannot be removed with surgery.

  • Advanced Cancer Therapies- Poor prognosis of GBM has made the development of novel therapies targeting GBM of paramount importance. Immunotherapy is a treatment designed to stimulate a patient’s own immune system to fight disease, including cancer. In the past few decades, immunotherapy has become an integral part of treating certain kinds of cancer.

  • Dendritic Cell based Cancer Immunotherapy- Immunotherapy via dendritic cells (DCs) has garnered attention and research as a potential strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity in recent years. Dendritic Cells express many costimulatory molecules, and are equipped with receptors that promote their migration to lymph nodes after antigen capture. Owing to the ability of Dendritic Cells to control both immune tolerance and immunity, and their function in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses, Dendritic Cells have become a promising target in efforts to generate immune response against various forms of cancer. Dendritic Cell based immunotherapies appear well suited to meet the challenges posed by the tumor environment in GBM, and consequently, there has been much enthusiasm surrounding the use of Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy as a therapeutic adjuvant in GBM.

To learn more about Brain Cancer or our KeepMyTumor Tumor Banking for GBM, you reach out to us at info@apacbiotech.com or give us a call at +1244207575 or +919958000827.

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